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a Department of
Community Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology,
N-7489 Trondheim, Norway, b Institute of Public Health, University
of Southern Denmark B Odense University, Sdr. Boulevard 23A, DK-5000
Odense C, Denmark
Correspondence to: Dr Vik torstein.vik{at}medisin.ntnu.no
Accepted 8 May 2001
AIM
To examine whether duration of
breast feeding has any effect on a child's cognitive or motor
development in a population with favourable environmental conditions
and a high prevalence of breast feeding.
METHODSIn 345 Scandinavian
children, data on breast feeding were prospectively recorded during the
first year of life, and neuromotor development was assessed at 1 and 5 years of age. Main outcome measures were Bayley's Scales of Infant
Development at age 13 months (Mental Index, MDI; Psychomotor Index,
PDI), Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence (WPPSI-R),
and Peabody Developmental Scales at age 5.
RESULTSChildren breast fed for
less than 3 months had an increased risk, compared to children breast
fed for at least 6 months, of a test score below the median value of
MDI at 13 months and of WPPSI-R at 5 years. Maternal age, maternal
intelligence (Raven score), maternal education, and smoking in
pregnancy were significant confounders, but the increased risk of lower
MDI and total IQ scores persisted after adjustment for each of these
factors. We found no clear association between duration of breast
feeding and motor development at 13 months or 5 years of age.
CONCLUSIONOur data suggest that a
longer duration of breast feeding benefits cognitive development.
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